How to Get Into UCLA 5 Key Tips

The most effective method to Get Into UCLA 5 Key Tips SAT/ACT Prep Online Guides and Tips It is safe to say that you are planning to get into UCLA? Provided that this is true, this article will assist you with getting the hang of all that you have to know to get one of UCLA’s acknowledged candidates this year. We’ll talk about the fact that it is so difficult to get into UCLA, what UCLA is searching for in its understudies, the grades and GPA you have to stand apart from different candidates, and how to pro your UCLA articles. How Hard Is It to Get Into UCLA? It’s extremely serious to get into UCLA. Every year, UCLA acknowledges around 17% of its candidates. Put another way, that implies that UCLA acknowledges 17 out of each 100 understudies that apply. UCLA’s acknowledged understudies rate is serious and getting all the more so consistently. On the off chance that you need to be one of UCLA’s acknowledged understudies, you’ll need to ensure all aspects of your application is fit as a fiddle. What Is UCLA Looking for in Its Students? UCLA portrays its center crucial three words: training, exploration, and administration. As an open examination college, UCLA’s work isn't just to show its understudies, yet to enable them to roll out positive improvement on the planet. Those three words give us an allude to what it searches for in candidates. Initially, UCLA searches for understudies that esteem training. Fruitful candidates will have a heavenly scholarly record and a background marked by testing themselves. UCLA likewise values research, implying that candidates ought have scholastic interests, yet be energetic about applying those interests. That implies that you look for chances to learn outside of the study hall. Perhaps you volunteer at a nearby lab or shadow somebody in your planned vocation way. Fundamentally, you make a special effort to learn and apply your instruction. At long last, UCLA feels that administration is significant. Fruitful candidates will have a record of being metro disapproved and drawing in with their networks. Maybe you chipped in coaching or were truly engaged with your neighborhood strict association. Show that you care about individuals and issues other than yourself. Would you be able to Apply to UCLA Early? UCLA doesn’t offer early activity or early choice cutoff times for its candidates. UCLA Application Deadlines and Requirements UCLA has one application cutoff time for customary confirmation on November 30. Understudies will hear back about the status of their application on March 31. You apply to UCLA utilizing the University of California application. UCLA doesn’t acknowledge the Common application or the Universal application. UCLA requires either SAT or ACT scores with the composing segment. You have to have finished the next long stretches of coursework in secondary school when you select at UCLA: English: 4 years Math: 3 years Science: 2 years Unknown dialect: 2 years Social Studies/History: 2 years Electives: 1 year You don’t need to send in your official transcripts or any letters of suggestion with your UCLA application. What GPA Do I Need to Get Into UCLA? You’ll should be at the highest point of your group to get an opportunity of being admitted to UCLA. You'll require almost straight An's in the entirety of your classes to contend with different candidates, as the normal unweighted GPA of UCLA conceded candidates is 4.0 and the normal weighted GPA is 4.64. You’ll additionally need to take AP or IB classes to show that you can find real success at cutting edge coursework. In the event that your GPA is at or beneath the school normal for weighted or unweighted (whatever matches with your school), you'll need a higher SAT or ACT score to redress. Having exceptional state sanctioned grades will assist you with contending viably against different candidates who have higher GPAs than you. What Test Scores Do I Need to Get Into UCLA? You have to take either the SAT or ACT (with composing part) to be admitted to UCLA. You don’t need to take any SAT II subject tests as a feature of your application. What SAT Scores Do I Need to Get Into UCLA? The normal conceded candidate at UCLA has a composite SAT score of 1370 out of 1600. That separates to a normal score of 690 on math and a 680 on perusing/composing. UCLA necessitates that you send in the entirety of your SAT scores. Indeed, that implies you need to send the consequences of each SAT you at any point took. While sending in the entirety of your scores may sound startling, don’t stress. UCLA will utilize the most noteworthy scores from a solitary organization of the test. UCLA doesn’t superscore its tests. You can submit up to six SAT scores without causing a commotion in the confirmations office. On the off chance that you submit in excess of six SAT scores, the entrance advisory board may begin to ask why you haven’t made bigger upgrades and why you’re as yet stepping through the examination. On the off chance that you haven’t taken the SAT multiple times and haven’t accomplished the score you need, you should make an arrangement and study to take the SAT once more. What ACT Scores Do I Need to Get Into UCLA? The normal ACT score of conceded candidates to UCLA is 29. In spite of the fact that UCLA doesn’t have an official ACT score prerequisite, in the event that you apply with a 25 or underneath (which is the 25th percentile for conceded understudies), you'll have a tough time getting in, except if you have something different great in your application. There are such a significant number of candidates scoring 29 or more that a 25 will make your application stand out†¦ bad. UCLA Application Essays As a component of your UCLA application, you’ll need to respond to four individual knowledge inquiries out of eight all out alternatives. Every reaction is restricted to 350 words. Here are the eight individual understanding inquiries: Portray a case of your administration involvement with which you have decidedly affected others, helped resolve debates or added to collective endeavors after some time. Each individual has an inventive side, and it tends to be communicated from various perspectives: critical thinking, unique and imaginative reasoning, and masterfully, to give some examples. Portray how you express your inventive side. What might you say is your most noteworthy ability or expertise? How have you created and exhibited that ability after some time? Portray how you have made the most of a critical instructive chance or attempted to defeat an instructive hindrance you have confronted. Portray the most critical test you have confronted and the means you have taken to conquer this test. How has this test influenced your scholarly accomplishment? Consider a scholastic subject that motivates you. Depict how you have promoted this enthusiasm inside and additionally outside of the homeroom. What have you done to make your school or your locale a superior spot? Past what has just been partaken in your application, what do you accept makes you stand apart as a solid contender for admissions to the University of California? The University of California site offers great understanding into how to address every one of these inquiries, with explicit inquiries that you can allude to so as to provoke your creative mind. You can likewise utilize our article on UC application tips for more data. When all is said in done, your articles ought to reflect UCLA’s values: training, examination, and administration. You should flaunt your scholarly interest, just as your longing to have a beneficial outcome on the planet. Tips for Getting Into UCLA While getting into UCLA is troublesome, it’s certainly feasible. The more exertion you put into all the pieces of your application, the better possibility you have of making sure about affirmation. #1: Prioritize Your Coursework UCLA understudies are high-achievers. To be acknowledged, you should be one, as well. In the event that you’re still in your rookie, sophomore, or junior year of secondary school, plan to take some propelled classes to up your GPA. You’ll should be taught and make a solid effort to contend with different candidates. Take the most troublesome classes you can. Demonstrating that you aren’t scared of thorough coursework will show that you’re prepared for the test of going to UCLA. #2: Ace Your Standardized Tests You need high state administered test scores so as to be admitted to UCLA. You should plan to take the SAT at any rate three or multiple times. Keep in mind, you can take the SAT up to multiple times before the entrance advisory board begins to ask why you continue stepping through the exam. On the off chance that you’re taking the ACT, you should read for and accept the test the same number of times as important to at any rate meet the normal ACT score of UCLA conceded candidates. #3: Write Standout Essays Your articles are the best chance to flaunt your aptitudes and your special advantages. You should invest a ton of energy into all of the four papers you compose for UCLA. Don’t hold up until the last moment to compose your UCLA papers start them with a lot of time so you can overhaul and get criticism. #4: Prove That You Want to Go to UCLA Now and then, when you’re in the main part of applying to school, it very well may be difficult to recollect that you get the chance to pick which universities to join in, as well. You’ll likely have a couple of schools to look over schools that all idea you’d be an incredible fit on their grounds. Where am I going with this? Universities need you to join in, if you’re acknowledged! So they hope to acknowledge understudies who truly need to go to their school explicitly. In the event that you can demonstrate on your application that you truly need to go to UCLA explicitly, the entrance advisory board might be influenced in support of yourself. #5: Have a Spike in Your Application When you’re applying to school, it’s enticing to appear to be balanced and inspired by all the things. This is really horrendous guidance. UCLA will see a huge number of uses from understudies who’ve done each possible extracurricular and scholastic action. You have to stick out. Your application won’t stick out if you’re fair in band, on the track group, and on understudy chamber. It will stick out in the event that you travel to Japan to perform with a world-class execution group

Sexual Harassment in the Workplace †No Laughing Matter

Lewd behavior in the Workplace †No Laughing Matter Free Online Research Papers In this report, I will introduce my discoveries of a human asset issue allocated to me, including any imminent lawful lines conceivably penetrated. I will verbalize the perfect core value for this specific circumstance. Furthermore, divergent treatment, antagonistic workplaces, and lewd behavior will be investigated, just as any approaching government encroachments in connection. No Laughing Matter Mary reached Human Resources to report that she was by and large explicitly irritated, the survivor of undesirable advances, by her corporate deals director Frank. Mary expressed she was in the lounge when Frank had recognized her achievement in obtaining the Chairs R Us account and remarked about Mary eating with Mr. Mill operator multiple times this week. The remarks were questionable, best case scenario, going on about her strategies for â€Å"persuasion†, expressing that Mr. Mill operator delighted in â€Å"desert†. Mary prompted Frank that the explanation she met Mr. Mill operator for lunch so regularly was on the grounds that the subtleties of the deal devoured significant time yet she thought that it was a compensating experience. Straight to the point prompted Mary that he would need to approve those lunch gatherings for her cost reports, this is the reason eating that night with him would be valuable to her. Declining, Mary offered to meet with Frank in the workplace, at 10 a.m. the following business day. Forthright declined that offer and demanded Mary go along with him for supper once more, expertly profiting her, inferring that he would thusly keep her out of expert difficulty. Straight to the point demanded a third time that Mary go to supper with him, to offer him motivation to hint off on her business ledger. At the same time, Frank is strolling ever nearer to her at which Mary left. Straight to the point abuses his position and endeavors to control Mary into going to supper with him to perform sexual favors is an immediate infringement of trust. Forthright illicitly victimized Mary, the structure was lewd behavior, explicitly, Quid Pro Quo. Forthright would not have fundamentally been violating the law in the event that he had asked Mary out to supper one time, and without all the questionable analysis. Mentioning sexual favors in return for proficient advantages is likewise against organization approach by means of the work handbook and other direction preparing, which Frank conspicuously expertly ignores through his own activities. Badgering is a felony, also the state laws. We should take care to flatten the chance of this issue forming into the wrongdoing of making an unfriendly work place condition in that for the most part requires more than one episode comprising of unseemly jokes, licentiousness, or having indecent promulgation in the work place. Government law expresses that it is a wrongdoing to treat a laborer uniquely in the work place. Pushing ahead in settling the provocation issue we should be safeguard in reinstructing our administration that when a representative is dealt with dis correspondingly from different workers, that is likewise a felony. To establish as a felony the divergent direct should be intentionally and established on in any event one of the specialist perspectives that are protected legitimately. What's more, â€Å"adverse impact† is not quite the same as that of dissimilar treatment, by the absence of expectation, not deliberate. What's more, it is to be legitimate to the shielded laborers, completely. For example, the different treatment happens when a supervisor allows the regular laborer to take pleasure in a particular boss bit of leeway however rejects it to another individual from the staff. The gatherings of individuals who are governmentally defended are characterized as individuals more than forty years of age (Ageism), issues identified with the appearance or tints of a person’s skin (Color), individual convictions (Creed), physical or mental debilitation (Disability), ascribes comparable to a country connection, heritage, build, culture, or identifying with language (National Origin). Everybody is secured under the Race division of Title VII from the Civil Rights Act (1964) in light of the fact that genealogically everybody may pronounce in any event one race. The rest of the divisions incorporate strict customs, exercise, and confidence (Religion). Also, guys and females are each shielded against sexism, which tragically does exclude taste (Sex Gender). Lawfully, bosses are viewed as being consequently responsible for said provocation from their administrators in which the casualty has endured a significant distinction inside work conditions. Nonetheless, if the provocation didn't come full circle to this level the business is considered lawfully capable with the exception of if provable to have immediately endeavored to repair the issue and coherently forestall further badgering. Furthermore, it should likewise be demonstrated that the laborer nonsensically missed the mark concerning telling administration or evading injury in different manners. Managers are likewise vicariously liable for their employee’s untrustworthy conduct and activities, which we should progress in the direction of forestalling. Following an auspicious, yet thorough, and target request Frank is liable of badgering. Straight to the point during the examination was put on regulatory paid leave until the request was finished. Proof recommends that Frank has been routinely playing with a significant number of the female subordinates throughout the years, regardless of whether unwanted or not. Straightforward purposely put this organization in an unwanted position and is a risk. I have surveyed Mary’s worker record to be sure that nothing in it was identified with this issue. Because of this request, Frank has surrendered his position. In proceeding with restorative and protection measures, I am booking a compulsory online class in regards to government laws and friends approaches with a test that must be passed by everybody. Representatives will explicitly find out about the United States Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) and their motivation. On the off chance that a case were ever revealed, each representative would realize what might follow. There will likewise be notice of different laws that are ensured by different offices. For instance, the Office of Special Counsel (OSC) and the Merit Systems Protection Board (MSPB) authorize the Civil Service Reform Act Of 1978 (CSRA), the Immigration Reform And Control Act Of 1986 (IRCA) by Office of Special Counsel for Immigration-Related Unfair Employment Practices. There are different laws that are taken care of by the Department of Labors office, the Department of Justice, the U.S. Access Board, the U.S. Government disability Administration, and Workers Compensation laws are taken care of by each state just as governmentally. References Ebert, R., Griffin, R. (2009). Business basics. Upper Saddle River, NJ: Pearson, Prentice Hall. Equivalent Employment Opportunity Commission (2010, April 1). Little Employers on Employer Liability for Harassment by Supervisors. Accessible from eeoc.gov. Equivalent Employment Opportunity Commission (2010, May 13). Work environment Laws Enforced by Other Federal Agencies. Accessible from eeoc.gov. Equivalent Employment Opportunity Commission (1999, June 18). EEOC NOTICE Number 915.002 Date 6/18/99: Enforcement Guidance on Vicarious Employer Liability for Unlawful Harassment by Supervisors. Accessible from eeoc.gov. Research Papers on Sexual Harassment in the Workplace - No Laughing MatterThe Effects of Illegal ImmigrationTrailblazing by Eric AndersonMoral and Ethical Issues in Hiring New EmployeesCapital PunishmentTwilight of the UAWThe Project Managment Office SystemAnalysis of Ebay Expanding into AsiaQuebec and CanadaPersonal Experience with Teen PregnancyResearch Process Part One

Beowulf †Anglo Saxon Culture Free Essays

Beowulf’s Strength and Fearlessness Anglo-Saxon verse mirrors their way of life and life. Verse is a wide piece of their lives, and a significant number of them went to the relatives through the informal. From numerous verse told, â€Å"Beowulf† would be a top of the line case of the Anglo-Saxon lives. We will compose a custom paper test on Beowulf †Anglo Saxon Culture or on the other hand any comparable point just for you Request Now â€Å"Beowulf† is a sonnet about a valiant saint who hears stories of a fearsome monster that destroyed a realm. Beowulf, the principle character, as a courageous warrior, battles the mammoths and recoveries the realm. Beowulf is daring and solid. These attributes show the estimations of the Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf was â€Å"the most grounded of the Geats† and â€Å"greater and more grounded than anybody anyplace is this world† (lines 110-111). This demonstrates Beowulf was more grounded than any Anglo-Saxon men. Beowulf additionally acknowledges himself that he is solid as well. He says, â€Å"He would never desert me, swim quicker/Across the waves than I could†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (274-275). He says this to demonstrate that he is most grounded everything being equal, and that nobody could beat him in anything. The significances in Beowulf’s extraordinary physical capacities uncover the estimation of solidarity in the Anglo-Saxon culture. Among the Danes and Geats, Beowulf is adulated as the epic legend since he vanquishes the awful beasts, Grendel and his mother. Grendel and Beowulf would be complete alternate extremes of one another. Grendel is the evil presence who â€Å"snatched up thirty men, crushed them/Unknowing in their beds, and ran out with their bodies† (37-38). The individuals of Herot detested Grendel for his butchering. At the point when Beowulf slaughters Grendel, Herot gains opportunity from the evil presence. That fundamentally makes Herot love Beowulf for his great deed. Beowulf â€Å"struck with all the quality he had left,/Caught her in the neck and slice it through,/Broke bones what not. † (641-643) and â€Å"then struck off/His head with a solitary blow. † (663-665). The butcher of Grendel and his mom spared Herot from its proceeding of troubled passings. Once more, Beowulf’s estimation of unfathomable quality uncovers the Anglo-Saxon culture. Beowulf was courageous to the entirety of his foes and never lost a fight. He never relinquished any of them, and won triumph each time true to form. At the point when Beowulf initially shows up in Herot, he is approached to leave every one of his weapons. Beowulf says, â€Å"My master Higlac/Might consider less me in the event that I let my blade/Go where my feet were hesitant to, on the off chance that I covered up/Behind some wide linden shield: My hands/Alone will battle for me, battle forever/Against the beast. † (170-175) Beowulf doesn’t need to resemble a feeble legend by taking the entirety of his weapons, so he leaves his lances and fight shields behind. He doesn’t need his lord to consider less himself. Beowulf underscores his bravery by leaving the entirety of his weapons behind. The champion of Beowulf’s bravery shows an Anglo-Saxon trademark. Beowulf additionally shows his valor during the festival after Grendel withdraws with his arm cut off. Beowulf says, â€Å"When we crossed the ocean, my companions/And I, I definitely realized that all/My motivation was this: to win the cooperative attitude/Of your kin or bite the dust in fight, squeezed/In Grendel’s wild grasp. Let me live in enormity/And fortitude, or here in this lobby welcome/My demise! (364-369) Beowulf says that he would prefer to bite the dust in Grendel’s hand in the event that he was unable to crush him. He doesn't dread to surrender his life in a fight on the off chance that he can’t win. This exhibits Beowulf isn't dreadful in any way, even before death. Beowulf’s activities toward death show boldness, an Anglo-Saxon trademark. From the sonnet â€Å"Beowulf†, the primary character, Beowulf shows quality and courage, the attributes of the Anglo-Saxon culture when he initially shows up to Herot and when he overcomes Grendel and his mom. Step by step instructions to refer to Beowulf †Anglo Saxon Culture, Essay models

What Are Some Good Argumentative Essay Topics?

What Are Some Good Argumentative Essay Topics?Writing a persuasive essay is not as difficult as you might think. It is not as complicated as you may think either. Writing persuasive essays can be achieved by the simple use of simple argumentative writing techniques and knowing the right arguments to employ. You can develop a stronger argument by using more than one argument.Strong arguments come from knowledge and experience. A strong argument can withstand the best efforts of an opponent and eventually prove victorious. Strong arguments contain an emotional charge that promotes the attraction of the audience to it. However, to be effective, arguments must be supported by facts. An argument that is too long does not hold any weight.The key to a persuasive essay is to apply the three C's in an essay. These include breadth, coherence and concreteness. A persuasive essay must have many paragraphs to show depth of idea. Persuasive essays can be either narrative or analytical in nature.Th ere are other subjects that are considered good persuasive essay topics. Topics like fear, science, humor, history, religion, health, law, love, sports, travel, etc. are all good subject areas.But what makes a persuasive essay successful is the quality of the argument. Persuasive essays are persuasive for three main reasons. First, an argument holds emotional power by appealing to the emotions of the reader. A persuasive essay contains emotional appeal and explains the connection between the person making the argument and the reader of the essay. Persuasive essays that communicate the reader's emotions are more persuasive and effective in their appeal.The second factor that helps a persuasive essay succeed isits coherence. A coherent argument is a true argument. Coherence is achieved when the writer states the facts in the proper order and maintains consistency between them. A persuasive essay is less likely to fail in this area if the writer gets their facts and ideas straight befo re making their argument.A persuasive essay also needs to be persuasive in its concreteness. Concreteness refers to what is obvious. Convincing arguments in an essay cannot be too clear to the point of being confusing.

The Risk Involved In Investing In Real Estate Finance Essay - Free Essay Example

Sample details Pages: 13 Words: 3851 Downloads: 2 Date added: 2017/06/26 Category Finance Essay Type Narrative essay Did you like this example? When a person acquires real estate, she/he also acquires a set of rights, including possession, control and transfer rights. In order to achieve capital appreciation investment in real estate involves the commitment of funds to property with an aim to generate income through rental or lease. However, the real estate income can be highly unpredictable and consequently investment in real estate is very risky as it is the case with investment in equity. Don’t waste time! Our writers will create an original "The Risk Involved In Investing In Real Estate Finance Essay" essay for you Create order One of the main reasons for the collapse of even the largest financial institutions, in the recent times, leading to the recession of major economies of the world is due to the collapse of the real estate business. This global crisis could have been prevented if the potential risk factors leading up to it had been identified at an early stage. But the risk assessment associated with this strategic investment was not properly followed. Thus, in order to be able to increase chances of investments in real estate returning profitable margins, it is critical that risk factors are identified and a proper investment strategy put into place. 1.1 Real Estate Classification Mughees Shaukat in his paper (2010) defined real estate as land Buildings associated with it. This definition is used because land associated buildings are finite and can be used for transaction purpose. Procuring the Real Estate is used as a hedge for inflation. In his paper, he classified real estate into six categories: Residential Family housing, Apartments. Commercial Shopping centers, Malls, Clinics and Multiplexes etc. Industrial manufacturing plants, warehouses, etc., used by businesses for production and storage of goods. Office Office buildings, Towers. Hospitality Hotels and Resorts. Land Typically includes land without any buildings or agricultural land. 1.2 Returns on Investment ÂÂ  Sirmans, G Stacy (2001) in his paper observed the return patterns and classified returns in broad categories. He also concluded that the returns are dependent upon the market efficiency and argued that the microeconomic variables may help in measuring the variations in Real Estate Returns. 1.2.1 Returns from Housing Property: Case etal (1990) in their paper studied the single family home prices. His findings were the returns on investment are dependent on the location. For example, the metropolitan areas housing (flats/single housing) will have a better return than the rural areas. Also it is dependent on other factors such as income, population growth and material/construction cost. 1.2.2 Diversification and portfolio optimization benefits: Liang etal (1995) defined diversification and portfolio optimization benefit as the difference between the return on the portfolio and the required rate of return for the investments. Seiler etal (1999) on the same subject concluded that the return on real estate requires mixed portfolio. Some researchers questioned the wisdom of Seiler and remarked do the returns from real estate behave like stocks bonds?. However, the research by other researchers shows that the returns have low or negative correlation with other types of investment returns so the real estate adds significant diversification benefits to a mixed portfolio. 1.2.3 Inflation and real estate returns: It is a common belief that the performance of real estate value depends on the inflation. Wurtzebach etal (1991), studied on the impact of inflation on the value of assets. In their study, they showed that real estate does provide an inflation hedge. They concluded that when market imbalance occurs the risk increases and the returns suffer regardless of inflation. Rubens etal (1989) in their paper stated that Real Estate hedge against inflation depends on the type of real estate. Other studies also showed that mix of commercial and residential properties provide a better inflation hedge. 1.3 Risk Classification Any investment requires certain strategies to handle risks. Real Estate investment is of no exception. The risk of investment in properties depends on the type, location and the status of the property in terms of its development. Giliberto, (1993) in his paper classified the risks as Low Risk-properties in major metropolitan cities with stable long-term cash flow. For example, leased office buildings in metropolitan cities. This is because tenants are usually signed to multi-year leases. Moderate Risk- properties with less predictable cash flows, either as a result of their location, or their status. For example, a shopping center in the process of being leased up or an older mall in need of complete renovations and re-leasing; etc. or Hospitality properties as their cash flow is less predictable because the guests in a hotel sign up very short-term leases when reserving a room. High Risk- properties with limited or no cash flow, because of their current status where the i nvestments tend to be in longer term which requires a greater degree of skill in execution. They also tend to provide the greatest return over the long term. 1.4 Risk Assessment There have been lots of academic studies and articles on the ways of increasing the efficiency of Real Estate Investment. The academicians have studied both at micro and macro level. The ideas of real estate risk management comes under the domain of financial transactions with regard to properties buy or sell at an opportune time where it could provide high yield. Real estate investment exposed to different risks. Some of the researchers have advocated for the creation of Real Estate Investment Trust (REIT). They also advocated the selection and portfolio construction criteria should be based on operating efficiency. Markowitz (1952) developed Modern Portfolio Theory (MPT) , which is based on simple assumption that the risk is defined as volatility (price fluctuations). As per MPT, the investors are willing to take more risks when there is a chance for more profit. Initially the researchers and academicians found this logic is compelling as it is easy to understand it als o makes perfect sense. The MPT is based on certain assumptions. Some of the important assumptions are: The investor do not consider buying / selling cost, tax , dividend and capital gains while making investment decisions Market liquidity is infinite. The investors are aware of all the risks; for more volatility the investor will look for more return. Selling of assets is only motivated for higher rate of return in a shorter time span. Politics and investor psychology have no effect on the markets. Now the question became how to determine the expected returns, volatility and correlations between them? Markowitz assumed these questions. His recommendation was to keep or watch the market data for some time. However, he had hoped better methods which will take into account more information. But after 60 years still today the researchers do not have a definite methodology to tackle this problem. 1.4.1 Arguments by other researchers on MPT Jose Castro (2008) in his paper argued that that the risk of a portfolio can be minimized without reducing the expected return when there is a low correlation between the fixed assets. The reason he cited that the risk is quantifiable but can be classified in two segments parts: Systematic risk, which cant be ignored, Diversifiable risk which is the component of an asset that is not linked with the market, which is called Idiosyncratic Risk. Young Graff (1995) while assessing Real Estate Risks used MPT in their research and observed that the strategic risks on investment can be minimized by combining different stocks for investment. For example, Webb and Okeefe (2002) suggested that 10-20% of total stocks should be of real estate. The rest should be into bonds, currencies, international stocks bonds. Brown (2000) in his paper extensively worked on the use of MPT which can be used in Risk Assessment. Brown was the first one who introduced the concept of three tier real estate based on public private use. Simons et al (2002) took this research one step further by reviewing literatures on international direct real estate investment and tried to analyze how the real estate portfolios are being analyzed. Anderson (2003) extensively studied the works of other researchers (Anderson etal 2000) on the risk of Real Estate Investment both at the macro and micro level. They defined that at the macro level the competition in the real estate market makes the risk minimum. Whereas at micro level, the risk is greater if the market is inefficient. They then advocated that the strategic risk may be minimized by establishing diversified real estate portfolios. Brown (2004) investigated the risk in real estate investment by conducting theoretical and empirical analysis of risk and returns accruing to individuals who were involved in real estate investments. He claimed that the returns are not normally distributed and that private real estate investors compensate for the distribut ional burdens imposed by market upon them by carefully assessing and controlling unavoidable non-systematic risk. Hutchison etal (2005) in their paper argued that the risks in real estate investment is attributed to the valuation of property done by the valuers. This means, the risk assessment measures need to be more rigorous to minimize the risk of investment. Therefore, they suggested that an investor is exposed to many risks notably valuation accuracy valuation variance. The authors also suggested that the real estate investment has certain forms of risks in terms of valuation of the property. They recommended that investment risk will be minimized by improving the valuation methods. The authors then defined investment risk as the probability that the cash flows and the resulting target rate of return will not be realized. Earlier both empirically and theoretically researchers have analysed risks and returns. Area of common interest is performance of investment and the as sociated risk which is found in both commercial and individual real estate. Researchers do agree that real estate do provide an inflation hedge. It is also a general belief that real estate assets provide a protection blanket against any sorts of negativity that may creep in due to unexpected inflation. The question now comes how to minimize the risks of investment? Nitish (2006) in his paper cited that choosing a prime location will be the main component for minimizing investments. To substantiate his argument he developed a price model based on the structure, location and rent of various cities in Germany. However, it does not fully assess the elements of risk fully. Even though MPT is the major breakthrough in the financial world some real estate researchers have tried to use this theory with some mixed reservations, because in MPT the risk is not properly represented by volatility. Another reservation is that portfolio selection building too often rely on the past perform ance. In other words, MPT requires three types of data. They are: Future return potential of each portfolio Correlation of each portfolio with another Volatility of each portfolios H. Mohd Ali (2006) in his research paper has done extensive investigation and found that MPT without major modifications cannot be used as is risk assessment in real estate. Cotter etal (2006) in their paper argued that the inclusion of REIT equity options will increase the fund flow. They observed that real estate prices are subject to inflation and requires hedging against inflation. Their model on REIT daily volatility has become very useful tool in managing real estate risk. McGreal etal (2009) have made an extensive study in risk management in real estate for both UK USA. Their summarization is that there is a need for diversifying the investment portfolio in order to reduce the risk. Diavatopoulos etal (2010) examined the effect of real estate risk management by examining the c haracteristics of REIT equity options. Their analysis showed that in 1996 only 5% of REIT had traded options increases to 35% by 2006. This proves that the REIT traded option has become a useful tool in real estate risk management. 1.5. Volatilities in Real Estate investment There have been lots of studies undertaken by the researchers on the fluctuations or volatilities of the real estate market in order to minimize the risk in real estate investment. Hung et al (2009) in their paper studied the relationship between the different type of volatilities by using a mathematical model (GARCH-in -model) on the returns using the concept of REIT. Their findings were: Momentum returns has asymmetric volatility Momentum returns are higher when the volatility is higher REIT with lowest past returns has higher risks than those with higher past returns. There is a positive relation between asset returns and aggregate market volatility. In essence, when the volatility is high the investors require higher returns for their investment to mitigate the inflationary pressures. 1.6 Standard Practices in Real Estate Risk Management As noted above the standard practice in real estate risk management has been to work with REIT indices mixed with various equity indices. However, this does not consider the basic question on when to buy a real estate property and when to sell the same. 1.7. Why is this Research? The activities of risk management in real estate investment are largely similar to the activities of financial methods. However, by surveying the available literature material it can be concluded that the following factors are ignored. 1.7.1. Large commercial properties have been widely studied. Little has been done on medium sized real estate risk analysis (see Brown (2004)). 1.7.2.Most of the research papers have also devoted their tools and their methodologies relate to stock market investments. However, none of them pinpoint the risks of investment which can be used by any investor to: Identify the sources of risk Measure and monitor those risks Devise an approach to control, mitigate or hedge The extreme important effects of real estate asset on savings and portfolio choice are undeniable. Moreover, the effect of real estate on consumption is significant and larger than the effect of financial assets (Fei 2009). Furthermore, the volatility of real estate pri ce is one of the key determinants of the options value realized by mortgage default and prepayment. The risks of real estate market will affect mortgage and mortgage related securities market and consequently as well as the institutional investors since they usually hold a notable part of their funds invested in mortgage related securities. Quite recently the financial market turmoil driven by the sub-prime mortgage and credit crisis has indicated again that the variations in housing market are extremely crucial to overall economy, the mortgage capital markets and the welfare of the society. In light of the above, the thesis addresses the questions when and what percentage of the share of a real estate project needs to be procured, when and what share of a real estate project to be sold, and when to completely withdraw from a real estate project. The scope of the paper will be limited to issues related to real estate owners requiring partnership mode of operations. Th e related issues that will be discussed are (a) the pattern of the volatility of real estate market, and (b) the growth pattern of the real estate investment process that will be developed in the paper. 1.8. Research Aim and Objectives The aim of this research is to develop a dynamic risk sharing model which can be applied by any individual investor who would like to know when and how much share of the real estate property to purchase and when and how much of the same to sell so that the risk is properly mitigated and yet earn a good margin. Objective 1: Develop an in-depth understanding of all the aspects in real estate risk management process. Objective 2: Construct a functional model based on the information gained through the available published /unpublished literature which will be used to update the estimates of the risk element in real estate investment. This model, an alternative to MPT Model, will help an investor to design Operating Rules and implement the same. Objective 3: Propose a methodology management process which can be used for using the model in calculating the risk. 1.9 Methodology Adopted in this Thesis The data that is required to develop the Operating Rules in real estate management is the time series data on real estate prices. The basic unit of return measurement is the incremental difference between current years and previous years prices, .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. .. (1) where x(t) is return in the beginning of year t, P(t) is price in the beginning of year t and P(t-1) is price in the beginning of year t-1. The investor in financial assets has very little to do with how current years price of a stock differs from last years. Private real estate offers the opportunity for an investor to have a say in its value by adding his own management to the equation. Thus, by adding entrepreneurial labor to his investment, the private real estate investor/operator may positively influence P(t) and achieve a greater return. Of course, this means that a portion of the return we observe represents a return on the investors time as well as on his invested capital. Such a reality a dds yet another reason to the list describing why real estate is different. Unfortunately, there is no standard time series data on P(t) available in the form required for this study. The basic reason, amongst many others, is design variations that can be noted for different real estate properties. Prices of real estate vary from property to property even in the same geographic locality. There is no standard price pattern available for one to develop the Operating Rules. Pyhrr et al (1990) discussed developing dynamic investment strategy under alternative inflation cycle scenarios since real asset prices and inflation are highly correlated; but their discussion was not supported by proper data. Furthermore, their analysis is limited to comparing the outcomes of various investment periods. Any attempt in this direction has to be property specific. However, basic indicators for movement of real estate price are based on macroeconomic factors of a country or a geographical region. I n this regard many authors developed indices especially in the context of mixed-asset portfolios. From these indices one can get an idea of the trend of the prices and corresponding variability in addition to measures of covariance between real estate prices and stock prices. Accordingly, an attempt will be made in this thesis to develop a mathematical model for Pt, which will be used for simulating the effects of various Operating Rules. The model parameters will be estimated using varieties of results available in the literature in conjunction with methods based on value judgments to incorporate entrepreneurial labor mentioned above. In view of the above, an important consideration will be to enhance the core competencies in risk management. The first step in this regard is to develop a risk-shared dynamic mathematical portfolio selection model for real estate business to be used by private real estate investors. Using this model and simulation select Operating Rules to b e adopted by an investor. Based on the outcome of the simulation, a strategy for implementation for the selected Operating Rules will be developed. This will then lend immunity to any private investor against market instability, and other macro factors which influence the real estate market to a certain extent. This will help the investors who would like to share the risk with his partners as well as earn a good margin. Real-life data will be collected and will be used to test and validate the model. Last, strategies for implementation will be developed. 1.9.1. Validation In order to test and validate the mathematical model that will be proposed as an alternative to the MPT risk model, real world data needs to be gathered. The nature of the data to be collected is shown in chapter 5. Appropriate statistical methods and techniques like sampling, regression, analysis of variance, etc., whichever applicable, will be used to estimate the parameters of the model and test the reliability of the same. Next, appropriate non-linear mathematical programming technique that deals with dynamics of decision making will be used to derive the operating decision rules. Extensive simulation will be carried out to test the sensitivity of the parameters involved in the mathematical model and establish the limits of the operating policies. The statistical analysis will eventually be used to test the validity of the mathematical model using the European countries as empirical data. Furthermore, the rules for updating the estimates of the parameters from time to time will take into account the global perspectives that will be developed. In addition, strategies for the using the operating decision rules will be developed. 1.10 Road Map Chapter 1 deals with real estate investment scenario along with risks that are associated with real estate investment. This chapter also aims and objectives, methodology and research approach. Chapter 2 presents a review of the existing literature detailing the hypotheses used and statistical and mathematical models used by the researchers in the past. Chapter 3 presents the detailed description of the methodology how the data will be collected which will be the back bone of dynamic risk-sharing mathematical model. Chapter 4 presents the nature of the data collected and the methodology used for estimating the various parameters used in the mathematical model and test their sensitivity using appropriate hypothesis testing techniques. Chapter 5 presents the operating rules derived by using appropriate non-linear mathematical programming technique. Chapter 6 presents the sensitivity analysis of the parameters and the limits of the operating decision rules using simulati on methodology. Chapter 7 gives the strategies to be adopted for using the operating decision rules and the procedures for updating the parameters from time to time as required. Finally, conclusions and future direction of studies are presented in Chapter 8. LIST OF ORIGINAL PAPERS The following papers have been reviewed: Mughees Shaukat, (2010). The Benefits and Importance of Commercial Real Estate, MPRA Paper Number 28268, posted 20, January 2011. Sirmans, G Stacy (2001). Returns and Risk on Real Estate and Other Investments: More Evidence. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management. Vol. 7, No. 3, 2001. Case and Shiller (1990). Returns and risk on real estate and other investments: More evidence Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management. July 1, 2001 Liang etal (1995), Seiler etal (1999), Wurtzebach etal (1991), Giliberto, S. M., Measuring Real Estate Returns: The Hedged REIT Index, Journal of Portfolio Management, Spring 1993 Jose Castro (2008) Young and Graff (1995). Real estate portfolio analysis under conditions of non-normality: The case of NCREIF.Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management Webb, B and OKeefe, J. (2002) The Case for Global Real Estate, Working paper published by UBS Global Asset Management Simons et al (2002), R.I. Anderson, (2003), Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management. R.I. Anderson and T.M. Springer (2005). Investor Perception of Retail Property Risk: Evidence from REIT Portfolios, Journal of Shopping Center Research, 12: 104-120 Roger J. Brown, (2004). Risk and Private Real Estate Investments Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management. N.E Hutchison (2005), Nitish (2006), Hishamuddin Mohd Ali (2006). Modern Portfolio Theory: Is There Any Opportunity for Real Estate Portfolio? Cotter, J . and S . Stevenson. Multivariate Modeling of Daily REIT Volatility. Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics, 2006, 32:3, 305-25. Stanley McGreal, Alastair Adai r, James R. Webb (2009). Optimal Diversification in U.S./U.K. Private Real Estate Only Portfolios: The Good, the Bad, and the Uncertain. Journal of Real Estate Portfolio Management .1083-5547 Diavatopoulos, D., J. Doran, and D. Peterson. The Information Content in Implied Idiosyncratic Volatility an d th e CrossSection of Stock Returns: Evidence from the Option Markets. Journal of Futures Markets, 2008, 28:11, 1013-16. Szu-Yin Kathy HungÂÂ  andÂÂ  John L. Glascock (2009). Volatilities and Momentum Returns in Real Estate Investment Trusts. The Journal of Real Estate Finance and Economics. Volume 41, Number 2,ÂÂ  126-149 Fei 2009 (Refer Dr.Sinhas Chapter 3) Pyhrr et al (1990) (Refer Dr.Sinhas Chapter 3)

The Great Gatsby By F. Scott Fitzgerald - 1541 Words

The American Dream is a dream about possibilities, and a desire for success. Sometimes you can interpret the dream for money, sometimes for love regardless of what the you think it is, the dreamer works hard to reach this goal. In the novel The Great Gatsby, Jay Gatsby is driven by his desire to achieve the American Dream. Unfortunately, Gatsby’s drive to achieve the dream also results in him falling victim to it. Essentially, Gatsby falls victim to the American Dream because he is forced to face the reality that his dream is just that, a dream that is out of reach and unrealistic. The novel also shows what happened to the American Dream in the 1920’s, which is a time period when the dreams became corrupted for many reasons.†¦show more content†¦Gatsby grew up in North Dakota and did have no connections, money or education. He spent his youth training for his â€Å"Big Break†. Highly motivated, he had a plan to escape his life as a poor man. Gatsby was r esentful of his parents and their poverty. â€Å"His parents were shiftless and unsuccessful farm people his imagination had never really accepted them as his parents at all.†(Fitzgerald 9.) Gatsby’s desire to escape the poverty and limits of his upbringing was so powerful that he created a new person he wanted to be in order to achieve what he desired rejecting his original name, parents, and goals for personal improvement as he invented a new person and attitude that would better support him in his quest. â€Å"So he invented just the sort of Jay Gatsby that a seventeen-year-old boy would be likely to invent, and to this conception he was faithful to the end.† (Fitzgerald 9). Gatsby’s opportunity to get away from his family and into wealth occurs when he encounters a man by the name of Dan Cody. Dan Cody teaches Gatsby the skills and everything he needs to know about the bootlegging business. With this new job, Gatsby is suddenly given the opportunity t o meet his goal in the quickest and easiest way (even though it was illegal). Gatsby’s decision not only to participate in this illegal trade but shows how strong of a desire he has to reach his dream. In terms of wealth and status, Gatsby proves that he has attained a

My Bigger Essay Example For Students

My Bigger Essay My BiggerIn Richard Wrights Native Son he magnificently describes how he came about of configuring Bigger. He used four specific people to create Bigger. Wright chose people that stood up for themselves almost to a fault. All of the people did have bad ends, but were nevertheless influential in Wrights, life good or bad. Wright drew from his personal experiences with these people to manufacture Bigger reactions. There were many social circumstances that held Bigger back from succeeding, like poverty, the depression and even his own stubbornness. Bigger was just reacting to his surrounding like Wrights people did, a good example of this is when Bigger kills the rat and keeps hitting it. That relates with when Bigger No. 5 drew the knife on the streetcar driver asking him to move to the colored car, and he said Make me. My people Im going to talk about didnt have to deal with such hardships, but did deal with more national and social challenges. My Bigger No.1 had a great influence and impact on my life for 17 years and still going. He was born in the first year of the baby boom era. His childhood was good and privileged but it was when he got out of high school when things changed. He did go to college for a half year and flunked out. The country was in a transition period from the mid 60s to the late 70s and Bigger No.1 was right in the middle of it and old enough to be affected by it all. And at this time if a man from 18 to 25 wasnt in college he had to get into the reserves or go to Vietnam where he might die. Bigger No.1 had missed the registration date for the reserves. He didnt believe in the war and had no intensions of going to it. He was afraid like many men were then, especially if they didnt like the cause. His father had been in WWII and had nearly died (when he and another man were walking side by side in the jungle they somehow switched places and two step later the other man was killed by a sniper). Bigger No. 1s father was in the Army and he did get into the reserves, one month late. Bigger No. 1 had to spend 4 years in the reserve. Now this wasnt the hard part, it was what was in the middle. He didnt know what he wanted to do with his life at this time so he took some odd jobs at a brewery and also worked on a couple presidential campaigns for McGovern, someones cause he did believe in. A couple of his good childhood friends had gone to Vietnam and came back messed up, alcoholics and always carrying guns. He didnt go back to school until he was 24. He started at a community college and then moved to Bradley University. Where he had to work hard for his grades and struggled at times. He ended up graduating with a degree in economics. Bigger No. 1 had about forty years under his belt when he came into my life. He has had an enormous impact on me and where Im at today. I couldnt have been able to play all the sports I did as a child and be good and attend Butler if it wasnt for him. He has always given me great advice on every decision I have had to make, from changing high schools, to going to a community college my first year for school. He always said at the end that it was totally up to me and he would be behind me in any chose I ever made. And thanks to him I feel I have made some good ones. Bigger No. .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 , .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .postImageUrl , .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 , .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:hover , .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:visited , .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:active { border:0!important; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:active , .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758 .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .uaae1c7c97a53c1bf97f1cbc00bf03758:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Lord of the Flies Essay Summary 2 has also impacted me greatly, but for 19 years. She also grew up a baby boomer but it wasnt the country that affected her, it was her family. Her father was a pilot for Delta for 45 years, and they were always moving. She lived in England, Texas, Florida and even the Caribbean. Dont let all these wonderful places fool you it wasnt fun. She